Week 3 Citations

In Defense of Guns by James Q. Wilson

For our refutation, we discussed this author’s view on gun control.  He brings up the idea that banning guns in the United States would be ineffective as there is no way of properly taking all the guns in America away from the people.  he also states that if somebody is intent on killing they will find an illegal means of finding a gun.  However, he also states that guns DO in fact raise the amount of homicides in America which supports our argument.

guns4This article is not too useful within the debate of gun control because its argument is not strong enough.  Stating that we should not control guns because it would be hard to take the guns away or stop illegal sales is no actual argument about trying or taking steps in the right direction.  In truth these steps would help prevent gun issues and are thus better for the American people.

Dems Split on New Gun Control Push by Alexander Bolton

gun5This is an article addressing the Democrat’s push for gun control following the mass shooting at the Navy Yard on September 16th, 2013.  The article discusses how while the recent shooting should provide support to gun control backers, the issue still may not pull enough votes.  This is due to the fact that Democrats will be facing a tough election in the 2014 elections and large groups, such as the National Rifle Association (NRA), will strongly oppose those who come out in favor of gun control.

Just as there was an issue with the previous article, the same problem presents itself in this article.  This is that people are letting smaller and more insignificant issue get in the way of the real problem at hand, gun control.  Legislatures are backing down from what is right for the American people in order to secure their electoral status and are allowing themselves to be bullied by large organizations such as the NRA.  We must refocus on the issue at hand, the killing of innocent citizens, and not put politics before this.

In Gun Control Debate, Logic Goes Out the Window by Richard J. Davis

This article discusses how in many arguments against gun control, illogical points are accepted and nobody thinks twice about it.  The author states that the focus of the gun control debate has gone out the window as common sense fixes to the system are ignored due to illogical reasoning .  One supporting argument to this is the argument that people believe that a federal list of registered gun owners will lead to a government taking of guns followed by a dictatorship.  This is just one of the illogical arguments used in the gun control debate.gun6

This article supports the point that was brought up in the previous two articles.  It states that illogical arguments should not hold us back from addressing the gun control issue as the serious issue that it is.  the author even supports the idea I previously stated that because certain measures will not “solve” the issue immediately, that is no excuse for not enacting them at all in the first place.  The issue of gun control deserves to be discussed in a logical manner so meaningful change can be made.

Week 3 Affirmative: Preventing homicides and Mass Killings in our Communities

bg1This week’s post will provide compelling evidence showing the homicides and/or mass killings that occur everyday because firearms are accessible to people.  Statistics show that crime and mass killings would be minimized if there were a nationwide gun ban. Firearms have been looked at as a source of self-defense throughout early generations. With little to no police force, guns were necessary to protect oneself against intruders; however, with today’s strong police force, firearms only lead to more crime, homicides, and devastating killing sprees. Firearms do not leave people feeling secure outside their own homes but more frequently have people scared to leave their own homes.

bg2It is important to point out that firearms lead to countless accidental injuries and homicides. In a New York Times review of hundreds of child firearm deaths, they found that accidental shootings occurred roughly TWICE as often as the records indicate, because of idiosyncrasies in how such deaths are classified by the authorities (Luo and McIntire, 2013). When people are allowed to possess guns it ultimately leads to accidents. The exact number varies because many accidents due to firearms are classified as something other than an accidental shooting. These shootings are more frequent then people think and can leave a whole family distraught. Look at Joshua Skorczewski, he accidently shot his 12-year old sister when he lost control of a shotgun that was lying around the house. In 2011 alone, there were 847 unintentional nonfatal firearm injuries among children 14 and under (Luo and McIntire, 2013). Does it matter who is responsible? One way or another a young girl is dead.

This year in a report by David Francis in the National Bureau of Economic Research entitled, “Fewer Guns Mean Fewer Gun Homicides,” he wrote about how there is significant evidence showing the relationship between gun ownership and crime. In this article he pointed out that, after gun ownership peaked in 1993, gun homicides in the United States had dropped 36 percent by 1998, while non-gun homicides declined only 18 percent. During this period the households with at least one gun also fell from more than 42% to less than 35%. This is a drastic drop-off of homicides in the United States with more than a 7% decline in households holding at least one gun. In a study by the Harvard School of Public Health David Hemenway concluded that amongst 26 developed countries there are more homicides where guns are more prevalent.bg3

With people having firearms at their disposal, homicides whether they are accidental or intentional are only part of the consequences of guns; mass killing sprees have currently been the big issue calling out for gun bans in the United States.  In a 2002 report by The Washington Post they looked at the top 25 worst mass shootings worldwide and concluded that,

“15 of the 25 worst mass shootings in the last 50 years took place in the United States” (Klein).

The next highest country had only two. The United States has more guns circulating than any other nation, and we are paying the price for this. With evidence showing that a decrease in gun ownership would lead to a decrease in murder, a gun ban must be the answer.

As President Obama said following the Sandy Hook Elementary School tragedy,

“We won’t be able to stop every violent act, but if there is even one thing that we can do to prevent any of these events, we have a deep obligation, all of us, to try.”

Guns are not necessary for society and they pose a substantial risk to people. I believe this post has shown the strong correlation between the number of guns and the number of crimes, homicides, and mass killings as well as the consequences that result from guns circulating the United States.

 

 

Klein, Ezra. “Twelve Facts about Guns and Mass Shootings in the United States.” The Washington Post. The Washington Post, 14 Dec. 2012. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.

Francis, Daniel R. “Fewer Guns Mean Fewer Gun Homicides.” National Bereau of Economic Research. Nber, Apr. 2014.

“Homicide.” Harvard Injury Control Research Center. Harvard, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.

Luo, Michael, and Mike Mcintire. “Children and Guns: The Hidden Toll.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 28 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.

“Now Is the Time.” The White House. The White House, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.

Week 3 Refutation: “In Defense of Guns” Criticism

VIRGINIA-TECH-SHOOTING-BIn 2007, James Q. Wilson, a public policy professor at Pepperdine University, wrote a piece for the Los Angeles Times titled “In Defense of Guns”. Jumping on the tumult generated by a recent school shooting, Wilson writes various shallow and unsubstantiated claims about why guns should not be seen negatively. Admittedly, Wilson begins with outing some of the stranger arguments that members on his side of the issue have made. Following that, he gives way to arguments that we could be making involving why guns should be banned. Although he goes on to try and strengthen his own point, Wilson covers all of these bases with such brevity that his argument loses credibility and impact.

“There is no doubt that the existence of some 260 million guns (of which perhaps 60 million are handguns) increases the death rate in this country.”

Such a statement is one of three or four that Wilson makes during his “connecting with the audience” portion of the piece. While not an unusual strategy, Wilson possibly makes too many of these statements and it detracts from his work. More notably, Wilson makes political references at the beginning of the article, possibly hinting at some underlying intentions.

Pile-o-Guns-courtesy-gunspictures.net_Vagueness of facts also plague “In Defense of Guns”. “For historical and cultural reasons, Americans are a more violent people than the English.” While this claim may not be entirely false, Wilson does little to convince the audience, who may even be insulted, with facts or evidence. Elsewhere, on the topic of banning guns and the enforcement of the decision, Wilson states “but even if there were even tougher limits, access to guns would remain relatively easy.” If guns were in fact banned, the very foundation of the ruling would be to make guns extremely difficult to obtain. To state it would not be difficult without any reason why is purely unsubstantiated rhetoric.

guns-mental-illness-cartoon-englehart-495x349To finish off the piece, Wilson ends his writing by revisiting extreme cases of gun violence. This only bookends the article with emotional appeals to the argument that Wilson is not trying to make. An unbiased reader would remember these two examples and take it with them when making their ultimate opinion. Finally, Wilson states “The main lesson that should emerge from the Virginia Tech killings is that we need to work harder to identify and cope with dangerously unstable personalities.” Wilson writes one more sentence after this, but otherwise completely ignores this point he brings up involving mental health. Mental health is undoubtedly an issue that needs to be worked on and solved, but such a debate doesn’t necessarily need to take place concurrently with the gun control debate. Wilson brings it up as if it were the bigger issue, only further devaluing the points he has made about the pro-gun position.

 

Wilson, James Q. “In Defense of Guns.” Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 20 Apr. 2007. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.

Week 2 Citations

Private Guns, Public Health by David Hemenway

gun7Examines several historical and modern components of the use of guns in self-defense and other potential violent situations. As Richard North Patterson, an American novelist and active member of pro-peace and anti-violence groups, states, “”This lucid and penetrating study is essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the tragedy of gun violence in America and-even more important-what we can do to stop it. David Hemenway cuts through the cant and rhetoric in a way that no fair-minded person can dismiss, and no sane society can afford to ignore” (Project Muse).

Unfortunately, I felt the need to disregard all statistics that were taken before 2000, but that still left a solid resource. Hemenway touches upon areas of the debate including deaths related to gun violence, the demographics of gun violence, the effect of the location in question, the supply of guns, and potential policy actions. For this week, we chose to focus on the self-defense and behavioral issues.


 

The Self-Defense Self-Delusion by Steve Rendall at FAIR

gun8This resource is a collection of data utilized to dispute and clarify statistics from other websites. Many of these statements disprove claims from the “gun lobby’s arsenal of propaganda”. The article itself covers a wide variety of content that is best used to pick and choose for the sake of counterarguments.

Examples of useful statistics from the source include the frequency of gun use in burglaries and burglary defense, the numbers of individuals killed by gun violence, and the 20/20 report where college students were trained with guns and failed in simulations. As I said before, this source is scattered and doesn’t follow a consistent thought as it deals with a variety of misinformation from other sources.


 

The Case for Gun Rights is Stronger than you Think by William J. Bennett

gun9In our refutation, we utilize an article on CNN that states that guns should be available in schools for the purpose of self-defense. The article provides numerous emotional appeals that reference recent school shootings that we all remember, but there is also a lot of conjecture, assumptions, and “use of common sense”. Despite that, the article is well-written and articulate, and deserves to be in the conversation.

This article does add a facet to the debate, and that is the safety in schools. While we can debate gun use in cities or in homes, an increasing concern is arising from recent events that involve children in school settings. In the future, our group will surely look further into school examples, hopefully drawing more conclusions than the “what-ifs” that Benett proposes in his article.

 

Week 2 Affirmative: Self-Defense and Behavior

self-defense-with-gun-300x289In this week’s post, I will provide some overarching statistics on gun use and violence. On an individual issue scale, I will also reference a source that will tackle a heavy piece of rhetoric that pro-gun parties use for their argument: self-defense. For decades, guns have served as a means of protection for individuals to use against violent attackers. The range of circumstances and severity that these situations present have produced much discourse about the effectiveness and utilization of handguns. Do they have a positive net impact on occurrences of areas where self-defense is required? We believe there is evidence suggesting that they are not so beneficial at all.

To open up with some statistics, it is important to understand that in the United States, there are 300 million firearms and about 80 million gun owners (CNS News, 2013). On a world-scale, the United States ranks 1st, “unambiguously”, with 89 guns per 100 residents, over 30 guns more than the next country, Serbia (Small Arms Survey, 2007). When combined with the statistic that the gun murder rate in the United States is about 20 times the average of industrialized countries according to the UCLA School of Public Health, it is hard to not see the correlation between the figures.

School Shooting Self DefenseIn 2006, author, Professor of Health Policy at the Harvard School of Public Health, and Director of the Harvard Injury Control Research Center David Hemenway wrote a book entitled “Private Guns, Public Health” in which he breaks down various components involving the gun violence in America. The book provides a number of sources of research involving the effects of firearms on public health. While the book handles and affirms multiple reasons that benefit our argument, for now we will focus on the issue of self-defense for the sake of clarity and thoroughness.

Hemenway provide various statistics through research study references that explain the impact of guns on self-defense instances. A summarizing focus that is highlighted is the alternative to gun use. Hemenway references Harvard Injury Control Research Center surveys that state that in 2000, there were more self-defenses with baseball bats had a higher percentage of success than self-defense with a gun. Not having a gun does not mean a victim is unarmed. Hemenway also states the behavioral impact that having a gun can have. He states that having a gun for self-defense may “change the behavior of the gun owner in a perverse direction” and “Intense stress, confusion, and fear are inherent in most possible shooting situations […] Heart rates skyrocket, and it is difficult to think clearly and to act deliberately” as researched by Tom Diaz, an American writer, lawyer, and public speaker about the gun industry.

gun11In a report performed by 20/20 titled “If I Only Had a Gun”, they selected college students that had varying degrees of gun knowledge and trained them enough to pass a gun permit test. Later, the producers orchestrated an event where an “armed, aggressive, and active gunman” entered the classroom. In every simulation, the trained students failed to stop the assault and were badly injured themselves. Only in one case did a student nearly miss damaging the assailant.

Whether it be exhibited in self-defense cases or behavioral analyses, guns are too much of an unnecessary risk in many situations. We’ve presented a small side of that argument in this post, and we will continue to present our side in the following weeks.

 

Hemenway, David. Private Guns, Public Health. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 2004. Print.

Burke, Patrick. “U.S. Gun Owners Outnumbered Hunters by 5 to 1 in 2011.” CNS News. N.p., 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2014.

“Small Arms Survey 2007.” Small Arms Survey – . N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014.

Rendall, Steve. “The Self-Defense Self-Delusion.” FAIR. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014.

 

Week 2 Refutation: Don’t Arm Teachers

gun2“Guns should be put into our schools”. This is the idea supported by an op-ed article on CNN.com. To me this seems like an awful idea, with many different negative reproductions. The idea that this article supports is that if teachers are given guns to carry around the school, then it will thus create a safer environment for the students and will help prevent school shootings. This idea is not true however, as the issue is more complex than the article makes it out to be. Throwing more guns into the problem is an irrational decision that may even make the problem worse.

guns1One issue with giving teachers guns to prevent problems is that now there are guns within the school to begin with. This makes the schools more dangerous then they usually are, only to help against an unlikely shooting. There would have to be measures in place to prevent students from getting their hands on the gun at all costs, and even at that accidents are bound to happen.  Also, one would have to make sure that the teachers would be properly trained to handle a firearm before this solution could take place. This leads to several other questions that could result in even more problems within the school. For instance, how much training is enough training? How much training is needed so that in the event of an attack a teacher will execute their job without messing up and making the problem even worse or harming an innocent? Who would train these teachers and who would pay for it, especially in the case of a poorer school? This does not even count the questions that arise concerning which teacher would be selected to carry the gun around school and whether or not that teacher will handle the situation correctly during the event of a shooting. A teacher’s job should be the education of children, not taking out an armed shooter.

gun3The problem with giving a teacher gun in a school is that it leads too many open questions that could make schools a less safe to be and may not even be effective in the case of a shooting. The argument addressed in this article simply tries to turn a blind eye on the real issue at hand, gun control. It attempts to solve a gun problem by throwing more guns at the situation. Only by eliminating the shooters in the first place can we make our schools a safer place for children to be.

Source:

Bennett, William J. “The Case for Gun Rights Is Stronger than You Think.” CNN. Cable News Network, 19 Dec. 2012. Web. 20 Apr. 2014.

Weekly Post 1

Affirmative:

gun12My father is from Oklahoma, and used to hunt all the time with a rifle he bought when he was in high school. Hunting and owning guns was a part of Oklahoman culture, and my dad was just like all other men his age. But after he married my mom and after I was born, my father took his rifle, dismembered it and stored in different pieces all over the attic. He didn’t want the gun in the house, anywhere near me. Guns are in the homes of millions of Americans, and because of that, there are thousands of accidents a year. The US Center of Disease Control and Prevention conducted a study and found that ”more preschool age children were killed by firearms than police officers in the line of duty” (2007).  The same study also found that there were 613 fatal accidents in 2007, 29 of which were children under the age of 9. There were “15,698 non-fatal firearm accidents” and “5,045 accidents that lead to hospitalization”. When the US Center of Disease Control and Prevention starts uncovering statistics like that in the United States, it really starts to worry me. The United States’ job is to discover when the people are in danger, and then help protect them. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has done the first half of their job, now they need to do the second. The United States is unique in these statistics. An article by Erin Richardson and David Hemenway in the June 2010 edition of  Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care, found that “American children die by guns 11 times more likely as often as children in other high income countries”. gun13This is a problem unique to America, and the American government needs to do something about it. The Brady Law was a law ignited and completed with the help of the Brady campaign, a campaign to help end firearm accidents by increasing firearm safety. The Brady Campaign collected data from across the United States, and found that between 2008 and 2010, “everyday on average, 51 people kill themselves with a firearm, and 45 people are shot or killed in an accident involving a firearm”, that is that largest increase from 2007 (2008-2010, Brady Campaign). Firearms are a dangerous thing to have in the house, and they lead to so many accidents in the home. That is the single reason my dad decided to get rid of his gun after my sister and I came around. He did not want to even imagine what would happen if we were playing around in the basement, or his bedroom one day and came across the gun. The biggest argument that is seen in response to banning guns in the home is that guns need to be used in self-defense. A person has a right to defend their home and their family. But Arthur Kellerman, in his 1998 study “Injuries and Deaths due to Firearms in the Home”, found that having a gun in a home makes it “22 times more likely to be used to kill or injure in a domestic homicide, suicide, or unintentional shooting that to be used in self defense”.  Firearms are a danger to have in the house, especially when you have children in the house. This is a major flaw in the American culture and needs to be corrected.

 Refutation:

We stand firmly against guns. This book discourages a gun ban in the United States, but they point out several points that do not fully support their claim of allowing people the right to possess firearms. Halbrook stated that it is common knowledge that handguns do not end up granted to anyone other than the rich and the well-connected gun14(5). This is an extreme point because people can pretty easily get their hands on guns; they do not have to be well-connected and rich. This point could have some truth to it, but many people can get their hands on handguns. Halbrook used overstatement to try and justify his point because what he stated was not common knowledge. Halbrook also brought up misinterpreted evidence by bringing up the fourteenth amendment. The fourteenth amendment states, No State shall make or enforce any law, which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. Halbrook continues writes that the fourteenth amendment states that all people have the right to own handguns, but the problem with taking away people’s guns is because of due process (197). He made several references to the fourteenth amendment throughout the book about how people are entitled to possess guns, but that is not necessarily true. The issue with the fourteenth amendment and gun control is that the federal government should not be allowed to take away property and in this case someone’s guns. Halbrook’s main point throughout the book was that people should have the right to own guns because of the second amendment. The second amendment does state clearly that people have the right to bear arms, but he clarifies people as all gun15people even though the use of the term people does not have a particular context. The United States owning a militia can clarify as people as well, but he totally overlooks this point. He tends to overlook opposing viewpoints such as how other people may interpret the second amendment. This book explains a lot about the history of how the constitution was crafted and how guns have been allowed through history. There are a lot of problems with how he describes how guns have come to be allowed and should remain accepted in people’s households. Halbrook argues that people should have the right to possess guns; however, he assumes what a lot of the Founding Fathers believed on the issue despite how different the times were then and now. Overall the book was published in 1984 and it is out of date because it fails to bring up several mass killings over the last decade as well as adjustments to public policy and current laws that have been changed completely or altered. This is a problem because public safety is the whole point to gun control, and when he tries validating his points it does not point out the current problems that exist today.

Halbrook, Stephen P. That Every Man Be Armed: The Evolution of a Constitutional Right. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1984. Print.

 

Citation:

Citations, all of these connect because they touch on firearm accidents and fatalities involving children:

Homicide, Suicide, and Unintentional Firearm Fatality: Comparing the United States With Other High-Income Countries, by Erin G Richardson and David Hemenway

Published in 2010 in the Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection, and Critical Care

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20571454

The articles main argument is that America, in relation to other high income countries have a higher rate of violent deaths. The United States in the outlier when looking at other high-income countries when it comes to overall homicide rate. It compare the United States to other high-income countries, like England , France, Germany etc., by the number of homicides, suicides and violent deaths. This is very useful to our topic of why guns should be banned, because it proves that while violent deaths are inevitable, the United States stands out and has a serious issue that needs Families Of Gun Violence Join CT Congressional Reps To Call For Gun Background Checksto be addressed. The gun culture in America is too lenient, and kids are getting hurt because of it.  The exact quote that will be of the most use to us is, “American children die by guns 11 times as often as children in other high income countries.” That statistic speaks for itself, Americans need to consider the value of a life, and if they really want to chance their child’s life.

 

Casualty Status, a report done by the U.S. Department of Defense in 2012

http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/CASUALTY/castop.htm

The report was done on the number casualties in the United States across the board. Statistics from all over the US of deaths, caused by a variety of things, ranging from the early 1900s to now. The most staggering and shocking statistics though, are the ones involving children. The report found that the amount of children that America has lost newtown gun controlto gunfire since 1979, is “three times as many US military deaths during the Vietnam War”, and “23 times the number of US military deaths in Iraq and Afghanistan” (2012). The total number of children that have lost their lives since 1979 is 116,385, that could fill Fenway Park in Boston three times over, it could also fill 4,655 public schools with class sizes of around 25 kids. Putting all of these statistics into perspective create an even more profound affect and really stress the importance of a gun ban in the United States.

 

For Lives and Liberty: Banning Assault Weapons in America, article by the Harvard Political Review

http://www.iop.harvard.edu/lives-and-liberty-banning-assault-weapons-america

This article picks a specific battle of our blog topic, banning assault weapons, and is written by Jake Matthews at the Harvard Political Review. In the piece, Matthews discusses and subsequently solidifies an important aspect of our argument. By referencing tragedies such as the Aurora, Ft. Hood, and Tuscon shootings, Matthews supplements emotional appeal with selected statistics. Most notably, Matthews states that, as of a 2005 Gallup poll, of the top three reasons to own a gun (protection, target gun18shooting, and hunting) not one requires an assault weapon (2). He also opens up a discussion regarding the Second Amendment, saying that the outdated idea of a statewide militia shows the text’s age. This article could serve as a great resource with which to construct our argument. The limited practicality of assault weapons and overwhelming potential for destruction builds a solid foundation for the effort to ban guns. Within the text, Matthews backs up his piece with useful statistics from sources such as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and a Gallup poll.

Gun Ban, an Introduction

Firearms safety and gun control has become a serious issue in the modern US society. The United States Constitution granted the right for its people to bear arms, but to keep a militia. Now a days, the police serve to protect the people and enforce the law. There is no need for a militia anymore. Also, in states that have implemented gun control laws, the number of gun related accidents, and murders involving guns have significantly decreased. Imagine how many more lives could be saved if guns were made illegal all together?

total_costs_7